Tabriz Valiasr International Hospital Publication International Journal of Aging 2980-9827 3 1 2025 01 12 Burden of Neurological Disorders Among Older Adults in Iran (During 1990-2023): A Secondary Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2023 Estimates e9144 e9144 10.34172/ija.9144 EN Nahid Karamzad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-1348 Amirhossein Kargar Baharak Aghapoor Maryam Beigrezaee Shabnam Tanhayi Mark J. M. Sullman Ali-Asghar Kolahi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-3732 Journal Article 10.34172/ija.9144 2025 08 09 2025 10 08 Objectives: This study assessed the burden and temporal trends of neurological disorders among adults aged≥60 years in Iran from 1990 to 2023. Design: Systematic analysis. Setting(s): Iran. Participants: Adults aged 60 years and older. Outcome Measures: Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for neurological disorders among adults aged≥60 years in Iran were obtained from the GBD 2023 study. All estimates were reported with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In 2023, there were approximately 4.5 million prevalent cases (95% UI: 4.0 to 5.1 million) of neurological disorders among adults aged≥60 years in Iran, corresponding to a prevalence of 46,163.3 per 100,000 population. In addition, deaths increased from nearly 4,000 in 1990 to 19,000 in 2023, and the mortality rate rose by 63%. DALYs reached 441,000 (95% UI: 257,000 to 802,000), and the DALY rate increased by 27% since 1990. Moreover, the burden was higher in females and sharply rose with age. Absolute case numbers peaked at 60–64 years, whereas rates peaked at≥85 years. Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias were the leading contributors to deaths and DALYs, whereas headache disorders had the largest portion of prevalent cases. Conclusions: The prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of neurological disorders among older adults in Iran substantially increased between 1990 and 2023, indicating a rise in disease burden that is unlikely to be explained by demographic ageing alone. Thus, strengthening prevention, early detection, long-term care, and equitable service provision will be essential to address the growing neurological needs of Iran’s ageing population.